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Wednesday 23 August 2017

Cartilage / Tendons, Ligaments, Muscles

CARTILAGE

- Tough (Tuff)
- Smooth
- Strong
- On ends of bones that move across each other 
- Stops friction
- Acts as a shock absorber


Cartilage can be damaged by:
- Heavy impact ---> Injury
- Wear and tear
- Stress 
- lack of movement

Damage results in bones grinding as they move over each other. Can lead to Arthritis. 
There are two common types of Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Both of them has the cause behind the joint symptoms. Osteoarthritis is caused by a mechanical wear and tear joints and Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system attacks the body's joints.

Tendons, Ligaments and Muscles

Tendons: Connect Muscles to bones
Ligaments: Connect Bone to bone
Muscles

Wednesday 16 August 2017

The Skeleton

The Skeleton 16th August

Picture:





Names of bones and common names 
Scapula - Shoulder Blade
Sternum - Breastbone
Vertebra - Backbone 
Pelvis - Hipbone
Femur - Thighbone
Tibia - Shinbone 
Humerus - Upper arm bone
Fibula - Lower leg bones 
Rib
Radius
Ulna 
Carpals - Wrist Bone
Patella - Kneecap 
Coccyx - Tailbone
Clavicle - Collarbone
Tarsals - Ankle bones
Mandible - jawbone


Bones 17th August

1. 
- How many bones has a baby?
300
- How many bones have you got?
206
2. Structure of the long bone 
The outer shell of the long bone is construct of cortical bone. It is also know as the compact bone. The compact bone is covered by a membrane and it is connected to the tissue called periosteum. Underneath the cortical bone layer is a spongy cancellous bone.
Structure of bones This is a video that explains about the structure of the bones
3. Types of joints
~ Gliding - Intercarpal and Intertarsal 
Wrist, Palm, Ankle, Tarsals and the Metatarsals
~ Hinge - Elbow
Ankle, Elbow and Knee
~ Pivot - Head of radius in radial norch

~ Condyloid - Metacarpophalangeal 
~ Saddle - Carpometacarpal
~ Ball and Socket - Shoulder


Tuesday 8 August 2017

Kete Term 3 Hauora

In Kete 8mt has been learning about Hauora and we want to share about what we learnt and also our learning's. In Hauora there are 4 dimension. Taha Tinana - the physical well being, Taha Wairua - the spiritual well being, Taha Hinengaro - the emotional and mental well being and finally, Taha Whanau - the social well being. 

Taha Tinana / Physical well being
Taha Tinana means Physical well being. This well being is very important. Without it you wouldn't be so healthy. This gives an impact to your life. Keeping yourself healthy would give you a chance to  live. Some examples are like: keeping yourself fit, eating healthy foods, having limitations etc. 
They're getting exercises

Taha Wairua / Spiritual well being
Taha Wairua means Spiritual well being. This well being should be a part of our lives. Having values is important. Without values we wouldn't have peace in this world. This gives an impact to your life. Some examples are like: Having the CARR awards, going to church etc.
In Philippines, this is a tradition of showing respect to your elders.

Taha Hinengaro / Emotional well being
Taha Hinengaro means Emotional well being. This well being is important to be a part of our life. This is because without this well being, we can't learn how to show our feelings like: when were happy, sad etc. Without showing feelings we wouldn't be so sure what you feel. We also have to learn how to get along with each other and we can do this by showing how we feel. 
They're showing that they're happy.

Taha Whanau / Social well being
Taha Whanau means Social well being. This well being should be a part of everyone's life. Without it, we wouldn't have families or friends. It is important to have this well being because without it you wouldn't have a perfect life. Everyone needs someone to guide them at anytime, like: friends, families, teachers etc. 
Being together can show that they're a family.

Wednesday 2 August 2017

Anatomy of me

Anatomy Of Me

In Science, we are learning about human body organs. This week we've drawn some parts of the body organs. We have been predicting where the body parts are. Some parts are in the wrong places and some in the right places. 

Brain:
What does this organ do?
The human brain is the command centre for the human nervous system. It receives input from the sensory organs. Then it sends output to the muscles.
What is the function of this organ?
The cerebellum is below and behind the cerebrum. It is attached to the brain stem. The brain stem controls motor function. That includes the body's ability to balance and its ability to interpret information sent to the brain, by the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.

Lungs:
What does this organ do?
A two set of spongy, air-filled organs that is located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea conducts inhaled air into the lungs, through its tubular branches, which is called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), and finally becoming microscopic.
What is the function of this organ?
The lungs function is to help oxygen from the air we
breathe, enter the red cells in the blood. Then the Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. It is to be used in the cells found in our body. This also helps the body to get rid of CO2 gas, when we breathe out. 

Eyes:
What does this organ do?
It is an organ of visual system. The eyes provide organisms vision. 
What is the function of this organ?
The Sclera protects the eyeball. The pupil or black dot at the centre of the eye, is a hole through which light can enter the eye. The iris surrounds the pupil.

Oesophagus:

What does this organ do?
It is lined by moist pink tissue called Mucosa. The Oesophagus runs behind the trachea, heart and in front of the spine. They keep food from going down the windpipe.
What is the function of this organ?
The function of this organ is that to carry food, liquids, saliva etc. from the mouth to the stomach. 

Heart:

What does this organ do?
The blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients that your body needs. The human's heart is like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
What is the function of this organ?
The heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body circulatory system. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. It is removing carbon dioxide. 

Liver:

What does this organ do?
The liver a central role in all metabolic processes in the body. In fat metabolism the liver cells break down fats and produce energy.
What is the function of this organ?
This produces proteins that are important in blood clotting. It is one of the organs that breakdown old or damaged blood cells. 

Stomach:

What does this organ do?
The stomach digest food. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.
What is the function of this organ?
It digest food from the Oesophagus. 

Large Intestine:

What does this organ do?
Ions and nutrients released by gut bacteria was dissolved in the water are absorbed in the large intestine. It is for the body for metabolism.
What is the function of this organ? 
It absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit, the useless waste matter from the body.

Small Intestine:

What does this organ do?
It has the part of digestion and absorption of food occurs.
What is the function of this organ?
The small intestine is absorption of nutrients and minerals from food. 

Rectum:

What does this organ do?
It is the last process in the digestive system. It provides temporary storage for feces before they are expelled. 
What is the function of this organ?
It gets rid of waste by pushing out from the rectum through anus. 

Anus:

What does this organ do?
The anus controls the expulsion of the feces. The anus is the opening, where the gastrointestinal tract ends. Then it exits the body. 
What is the function of this organ?
The lining of the upper anus is specialized to detect rectal contents. It lets you know whether the contents are liquid, gas, or solid.

Pancreas:

What does this organ do?
It continues breaking down the food that has left stomach. It also produces the hormone insulin and secretes it into the bloodstream. 
What is the function of this organ?
The function of this organ is that it is converting the food we eat into fuel for the body cells. It also helps digest and also regulates blood sugar. 

Gallbladder:

What does this organ do?
A storage organ that helps in the digestion of fat. It also helps to make bile more concentrated to increase its effect on fat cells.
What is the function of this organ?
Its to store and concentrate bile, a yellow-brown digestive enzyme produced by the liver. The gallbladder serves as a reservoir for bile while it's not being used for digestion.

Spleen:

What does this organ do?
The spleen helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.
What is the function of this organ?
The filter for the blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored.

Appendix:

What does this organ do?
Appendix is near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine and has abundant infection-fighting lymphoid cells.
What is the function of the appendix?
Appendix acts as a storehouse for good bacteria. It reboot's the digestive system.

Anatomy Model

I was surprised by the model and wasn't expecting to turn out like this. Now I understand the parts of the human body.